Sommaire
ILa conjugaison de BeALe présent de BeBLe prétérit de BeIILa conjugaison de HaveALe verbe lexical To have1Le présent de Have2Le prétérit de HaveBL'auxiliaire HaveLa conjugaison de Be
Le présent de Be
Au présent, on peut conjuguer be à la forme pleine ou à la forme contractée (utilisée plutôt à l'oral ou dans un registre de langue familier) :
| Forme affirmative | Forme négative | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Forme pleine | Forme contractée | Forme pleine | Forme contractée |
| I am | I'm | I am not | I'm not |
| You are | You're | You are not | You aren't (you're not) |
| He / she / it is | He / she / it's | He/ she / it is not | He / she / it isn't (he / she / it's not) |
| We are | We're | We are not | We aren't (we're not) |
| You are | You're | You are not | You aren't (you're not) |
| They are | They're | They are not | They aren't (they're not) |
My father is a dentist.
Mon père est dentiste.
- Are you keen on music ? - Yes, I am. / No, I'm not.
- Est-ce que tu aimes la musique ? - Oui. / Non.
Le prétérit de Be
Au prétérit, on peut conjuguer be à la forme pleine ou à la forme contractée (utilisée plutôt à l'oral ou dans un registre de langue familier) :
| Forme affirmative | Forme négative | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Forme pleine | Forme pleine | Forme contractée | |
| I was | I was not | I wasn't | |
| You were | You were not | You weren't | |
| He / she / it was | He / she / it was not | He / she / it wasn't | |
| We were | We were not | We weren't | |
| You were | You were not | You weren't | |
| They were | They were not | They weren't | |
My father was a dentist a few years ago.
Mon père était dentiste il y a quelques années.
- Were you keen on music ?
- Yes, I was. / No, I wasn't.
- Est-ce que tu aimais la musique ?
- Oui. / Non.
La conjugaison de Have
Le verbe lexical To have
Le présent de Have
Le verbe lexical to have se conjugue au présent simple comme n'importe quel autre verbe lexical :
| Forme affirmative | Forme négative | |
|---|---|---|
| Forme pleine | Forme pleine | Forme contractée |
| I have | I do not have | I don't have |
| You have | You do not have | You don't have |
| He / she / it has | He / she / it does not have | He / she / it doesn't have |
| We have | We do not have | We don't have |
| You have | You do not have | You don't have |
| They have | They do not have | They don't have |
My grandparents have an apartment in Southern England.
Mes grands-parents ont un appartement dans le Sud de l'Angleterre.
- Do you have brothers and sisters ? - Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
- Est-ce que tu as des frères et sœurs ? - Oui. / - Non.
Le prétérit de Have
Le verbe lexical to have se conjugue au prétérit simple comme d'autres verbes lexicaux de type irrégulier à la forme affirmative :
| Forme affirmative | Forme négative | |
|---|---|---|
| Forme pleine | Forme pleine | Forme contractée |
| I had | I did not have | I didn't have |
| You had | You did not have | You didn't have |
| He / she / it had | He/ she / it did not have | He / she / it didn't have |
| We had | We did not have | We didn't have |
| You had | You did not have | You didn't have |
| They had | They did not have | They didn't have |
My grandparents had an apartment in Southern England.
Mes grands-parents avaient un appartement dans le Sud de l'Angleterre.
- Did they have brothers and sisters ? - Yes, they did. / No, they didn't.
- Est-ce qu'ils avaient des frères et sœurs ? - Oui. / - Non.
L'auxiliaire Have
Au present perfect et au past perfect, have joue le rôle d'auxiliaire pour d'autres verbes lexicaux. Ainsi, de même que do / does est l'auxiliaire du présent simple par exemple, have est l'auxiliaire de ces temps composés.
C'est le cas en particulier dans la construction have got, qui correspond en fait au verbe to get au present perfect.
A ces temps composés, l'auxiliaire have se conjugue de la façon suivante :
| Forme affirmative | Forme négative | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Forme pleine | Forme contractée | Forme pleine | Forme contractée |
| Présent | |||
| I have | I've | I have not | I haven't |
| You have | You've | You have not | You haven't |
| He / she / it has | He / she / it's | He / she / it has not | He / she / it hasn't |
| We have | We've | We have not | We haven't |
| You have | You've | You have not | You haven't |
| They have | They've | They have not | They haven't |
| Prétérit | |||
| I had | I'd | I had not | I hadn't |
| You had | You'd | You had not | You hadn't |
| He / she / it had | He / she / it'd | He / she / it had not | He / she / it hadn't |
| We had | We'd | We had not | We hadn't |
| You had | You'd | You had not | You hadn't |
| They had | They'd | They had not | They hadn't |
- Have you got any brother ? - No, I haven't.
- Est-ce que tu as un frère ? - Non.
On distingue le verbe lexical to have de l'auxiliaire have. Le second n'est employé qu'à des temps composés : un autre élément (le participe passé) doit donc l'accompagner, ou être sous-entendu s'il s'agit d'une réponse courte ou d'un tag.
Kelly has many friends.
Kelly a beaucoup d'amis. (pas de participe passé en anglais, ni explicite ni implicite, donc has est ici le verbe lexical)
Kelly has got many friends.
Kelly a beaucoup d'amis. (présence du participe passé got, donc has est ici l'auxiliaire)
- Has Kelly got many friends ? - Yes, she has.
- Est-ce que Kelly a beaucoup d'amis ? - Oui. (got est sous-entendu dans la réponse brève, donc has est ici l'auxiliaire)
Have got est utilisé principalement à l'oral et dans un contexte britannique. On privilégiera have lexical à l'écrit et dans un contexte américain. Attention, aux Etats-Unis, have got peut être considéré comme vulgaire.